中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)系統常使用哪幾種(zhong)表(biao)冷器？其故障和處理(li)方法是什么(me)？

    中央空調系統使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有兩種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是冷(leng)(leng)凍水—空氣換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)工(gong)質(zhi)—空氣換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，前者叫表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)者叫直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大都采用(yong)(yong)光(guang)管加(jia)肋片(pian)結構(gou)，肋片(pian)可(ke)以(yi)增加(jia)傳熱面積，強(qiang)化(hua)傳熱效果的作用(yong)(yong)。表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)銅或鋁材制(zhi)造。用(yong)(yong)銅質(zhi)散熱效果好，用(yong)(yong)鋁質(zhi)重量(liang)輕(qing)。表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作時(shi)，空氣在表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外的肋片(pian)和(he)光(guang)管之間流過，將(jiang)表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中的冷(leng)(leng)水冷(leng)(leng)卻，溫度下(xia)降或降溫減濕，冷(leng)(leng)水在表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的水管內(nei)流動，吸收空氣的熱量(liang)后(hou)(hou)溫度升高，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)排出(chu)表(biao)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

    表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)和(he)處(chu)理方法：表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行一段時(shi)間(jian)后，由于空(kong)氣中的(de)灰塵沾在表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)肋片和(he)光管間(jian)，造成了部分面積的(de)污堵，使空(kong)氣流通(tong)量下降，影響了表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)換熱(re)效果，可定期清(qing)潔表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，防止(zhi)污堵。同時(shi)因表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長年(nian)在潮濕的(de)環境里工作，其(qi)管道(dao)和(he)焊口處(chu)容易腐蝕，產生泄(xie)漏。故(gu)應定期對表(biao)(biao)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行耐壓實驗(yan)，防止(zhi)這種故(gu)障(zhang)發生。

直(zhi)冷(leng)器(qi)的(de)結構與表冷(leng)器(qi)相(xiang)同(tong)，只是管(guan)道的(de)回路布(bu)置略有區(qu)別。空氣(qi)(qi)從直(zhi)冷(leng)器(qi)外(wai)的(de)肋片與光管(guan)的(de)空間流過，經直(zhi)冷(leng)器(qi)中制冷(leng)工質冷(leng)卻，降(jiang)低了溫度，制冷(leng)工質在直(zhi)冷(leng)器(qi)的(de)管(guan)道中流動，從液(ye)態蒸發成為(wei)氣(qi)(qi)態，吸(xi)收了空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)熱量(liang)。

    直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)器的故(gu)障(zhang)除了(le)污堵和泄漏外，還有霜(shuang)(shuang)堵。在直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)器運(yun)行時，由于制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)工(gong)質(zhi)蒸(zheng)發溫(wen)度(du)太低(di)，使直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)器表面結(jie)了(le)一層霜(shuang)(shuang)，結(jie)霜(shuang)(shuang)部分傳熱系(xi)數(shu)下降。可以用提高(gao)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)統的蒸(zheng)發溫(wen)度(du)的方法(fa)解決這個故(gu)障(zhang)。